How to copy an SSH public key to a server

The public-key authentication method requires you to copy your public SSH key to the server's authorized_keys file. The authorized_keys file is in the ~/.ssh/ directory of the user you are connecting.

Copying your public key to the file will allow you to log in to the server using the public-key authentication method, enabling passwordless SSH login. If your key pair is not protected by a passphrase, it could further be used to perform some automation tasks that include remotely executing commands via a script.

Your public key could be copied manually or using ssh-copy-id tool. There are also some SSH tricks to copy your SSH key to the server.

1. Launch terminal.
2. Locate your public SSH key.

    $ ls ~/.ssh/id*
   /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa           /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

   The public key is normally the one with the .pub extension.

3. Make sure your public key is in OpenSSH format.

   $ file .ssh/id_rsa.pub 
   .ssh/id_rsa.pub: OpenSSH RSA public key

   authorized_keys file accepts public keys in OpenSSH format.

   Related: How to change the format of an SSH key file

4. Add your SSH public key to remote server user's authorized_keys file using ssh-copy-id command.

   $ ssh-copy-id user@remote-host
   The authenticity of host 'remote-host (192.168.111.135)' can't be established.
   ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:hXGpY0ALjXvDUDF1cDs2N8WRO9SuJZ/lfq+9q99BPV0.
   Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
   /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
   /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 2 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
   user@remote-host's password:
   
   Number of key(s) added: 2
   
   Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'user@remote-host'"
   and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

   If you want to use other public key rather that then one in the default location, use the -i option.

   $ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/other_key.pub user@remote-host

5. Try to log in using key to test.

   $ ssh -i .ssh/id_rsa user@remote-host
   Welcome to Ubuntu 19.04 (GNU/Linux 5.0.0-20-generic x86_64)
   
    * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
    * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
    * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
   
     System information as of Sat Jun 29 11:31:23 UTC 2019
   
     System load:  0.16               Processes:            211
     Usage of /:   25.8% of 19.56GB   Users logged in:      1
     Memory usage: 13%                IP address for ens33: 192.168.111.135
     Swap usage:   0%
   
    * MicroK8s 1.15 is out! It has already been installed on more
      than 14 different distros. Guess which ones?
   
        https://snapcraft.io/microk8s
   
   0 updates can be installed immediately.
   0 of these updates are security updates.
   
   
   Last login: Sat Jun 29 11:08:20 2019 from 192.168.111.1