How to connect to SSH server

You can connect to SSH servers using OpenSSH client which is normally installed by default in most Linux and other Unix based systems, including macOS. On Windows you can use some other available tools such as PuTTY.

These are the basic steps to connecting to an SSH server using OpenSSH client at the terminal, though there are a lot more advanced options that could be implemented, if not required.

1. Make sure you have valid user on the SSH server.
2. Make sure you have credentials to log in via supported authentication method.

   How to enable or disable password authentication in SSH
   How to enable or disable public key authentication in SSH
   How to enable or disable root login in SSH

3. Connect to SSH server from SSH client using minimal format (ssh <username>@<host/ip>).

   $ ssh 192.168.111.18
   The authenticity of host '192.168.111.18 (192.168.111.18)' can't be established.
   ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:w3b7BfZzQrrY75Fx1XYH0t2RVkiXb7r6+gcC5umTR7o.
   Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
   Warning: Permanently added '192.168.111.18' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
   [email protected]'s password: 
   Welcome to Ubuntu 20.10 (GNU/Linux 5.8.0-25-generic x86_64)
   
    * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
    * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
    * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
   
   0 updates can be installed immediately.
   0 of these updates are security updates.
   
   Last login: Wed Oct 28 14:50:14 2020 from 192.168.111.22

   Username does not need to be specified if is the same as the client's username.

4. Specify port number if connecting to non-standard port.

   $ ssh [email protected] -p 2022

   How to connect to SSH server on alternate port

5. Use -v to view more details about the connection process.

   $ ssh -v 192.168.111.18 -p 2022
   OpenSSH_8.3p1 Ubuntu-1, OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020
   debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
   debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: include /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/*.conf matched no files
   debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: Applying options for *
   debug1: Connecting to 192.168.111.18 [192.168.111.18] port 2022.
   debug1: Connection established.
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk-cert type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk-cert type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_xmss type -1
   debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1
   debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.3p1 Ubuntu-1
   ##### snipped

   Use -vvv to see even more details.

6. Disconnect from SSH server using exit command.

   $ exit
   logout
   debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0
   debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype [email protected] reply 0
   debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1
   Connection to 192.168.111.18 closed.
   Transferred: sent 2864, received 3208 bytes, in 3.7 seconds
   Bytes per second: sent 771.3, received 864.0
   debug1: Exit status 0