How to get Linux distribution version details

Linux comes with many flavors in the form of distributions, with some of the more popular distributions being Ubuntu, Fedora, and openSUSE.

Things are different enough between each distribution that some commands and methods could work differently between them. It is also sometimes true for a different version of the same distribution.

Therefore, you need to know the distribution name and version of the Linux system you're administering. It is especially true if you're accessing remote machines via SSH, which doesn't have the GUI to guess the distribution name and version quickly.

You can check the Linux distribution name, version, and other details from the command line. Some of these methods are not standardized, so you might need to try what works for your system.

1. Launch terminal.
2. View content of /etc/<distribution>-release file.

   $ cat /etc/centos-release
   CentOS Linux release 8.3.2011

3. View content of /etc/system-release file.

   $ cat /etc/system-release
   CentOS Linux release 8.3.2011

   The file is normally just a symbolic link to /etc/<distribution>-release file.

   $ ls -l /etc/system-release
   lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Nov 10 10:49 /etc/system-release -> centos-release

4. View more details about your Linux distribution by viewing the content of /etc/os-release file.

   $ cat /etc/os-release
   NAME="CentOS Linux"
   VERSION="8"
   ID="centos"
   ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
   VERSION_ID="8"
   PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"
   PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 8"
   ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
   CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8"
   HOME_URL="https://centos.org/"
   BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
   CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-8"
   CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="8"

5. View content of /etc/lsb-release file.

   $ cat /etc/lsb-release 
   DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
   DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.10
   DISTRIB_CODENAME=groovy
   DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.10"

6. View OS and distribution information using hostnamectl command.

   $ hostnamectl
      Static hostname: host
            Icon name: computer-vm
              Chassis: vm
           Machine ID: 38fcf097cda64808aef7af32f0834151
              Boot ID: 1b67469d661444dca2bf8b55d2b82028
       Virtualization: vmware
     Operating System: Ubuntu 20.10
               Kernel: Linux 5.8.0-34-generic
         Architecture: x86-64

7. View Linux system information using uname command.

   $ uname -a
   Linux host 5.8.0-34-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 10 18:01:14 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

   Some information can be inferred such as kernel version 5.8 for this system is what Ubuntu 20.10 ships with.