Browser ES modules can load relative URLs directly, but a bare specifier such as currency-format has no built-in URL for the browser to fetch. An inline import map gives the document that resolution table, which fits small module-based pages that do not use a bundler.

The map lives in an inline <script type="importmap"> element, and its body is strict JSON. Place it before any <script type="module"> element that imports the mapped names, because the browser resolves module specifiers while it loads the module graph.

A small two-module page can map one bare specifier to a local module file, serve the files over HTTP, and check the page output in the browser console. The map affects import declarations and import() calls inside document modules; it does not rewrite the src URL of the module script itself.

Related: How to use JavaScript import and export
Related: How to load JavaScript with defer

Steps to configure a browser JavaScript import map:

  1. Create index.html with an inline import map before the module script.
    index.html
    <!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>Import map demo</title>
  <script type="importmap">
{
  "imports": {
    "currency-format": "./modules/currency-format.js"
  }
}
  </script>
  <script type="module" src="./app.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Import map demo</h1>
  <p id="mapped-specifier">Mapped specifier: currency-format</p>
  <p id="import-map-status" role="status">Waiting for module.</p>
</body>
</html>

    The import map body is strict JSON, not a JavaScript object literal. Use double-quoted keys and values, and remove comments or trailing commas before loading the page.
    Tool: JSON Validator

  2. Create the mapped module file at modules/currency-format.js.
    modules/currency-format.js
    export function formatPrice(amount) {
  return `USD ${amount.toFixed(2)}`;
}
  3. Create app.js and import the module by its bare specifier.
    app.js
    import { formatPrice } from "currency-format";
 
const status = document.querySelector("#import-map-status");
const price = formatPrice(49);
 
status.textContent = `Import map resolved: ${price}`;
window.catalogPrice = price;
console.log(`currency-format => ${price}`);

    The browser resolves currency-format through the import map and fetches /modules/currency-format.js. Without the map, the bare specifier cannot resolve as a browser URL.

  4. Serve the files from the directory that contains index.html. 
    $ python3 -m http.server 8000
Serving HTTP on :: port 8000 (http://[::]:8000/) ...

    A file:// URL does not match normal browser module loading. Use HTTP so the module graph and import map are tested through the browser's web loading path.

  5. Open the page through the local server and confirm the mapped module updated the page. 
    http://localhost:8000/

Mapped specifier: currency-format
Import map resolved: USD 49.00
  6. Confirm the module result from the browser console. 
    > document.querySelector("#import-map-status").textContent
"Import map resolved: USD 49.00"
> window.catalogPrice
"USD 49.00"
  7. Confirm the mapped module URL was fetched. 
    > performance.getEntriesByName(new URL("./modules/currency-format.js", location.href).href).length
1
  8. Stop the local HTTP server after verification.

    Press Ctrl+C in the terminal that is running python3 -m http.server.