You can easily create a base Debian system using debootstrap. To have a usable chroot environment, you'll also need to mount both the dev and proc filesystems. Follow these steps for more details.

1. Create a directory that you want to use for the base system (chroot-debian in this case).
   

   mkdir chroot-debian

2. Create a base system using debootstrap
   

   sudo debootstrap sid chroot-debian http://mirror.pacific.net.au/debian/

   You can change sid to stable to use the stable distribution, and to use Debian mirror closer to your physical location for faster download speed.

3. Mount proc and dev filesystem
   

   sudo mount -o bind /dev chroot-debian/dev
   sudo mount -o bind /proc chroot-debian/proc

4. Start chrooting
   

   sudo chroot chroot-debian /bin/bash

5. Once done, exit the session and don't forget to unmount the dev and proc filesystem
   

   sudo umount chroot-debian/dev chroot-debian/proc