How to save cURL output to file

cURL, a powerful command-line tool for making HTTP requests, is often used by developers and system administrators for fetching content from the web, simulating user interactions, and even debugging applications. In the course of these activities, it's common to retrieve sizable outputs, complex JSON responses, or even binary files.

By default, cURL prints the response of the web request directly to the terminal. However, especially with voluminous responses, it's more practical to save the output to a file for easier analysis, to serve as documentation, or for sharing with colleagues.

Whether you're grabbing a webpage's HTML, fetching an API response, or downloading a file, redirecting the output of a cURL command to a file in your filesystem is straightforward. This guide will walk you through the steps.

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.
2. Execute your cURL command followed by the > symbol and the desired output filename.

   $ curl https://www.example.com/ > output.txt

3. To append data to an existing file rather than overwriting it, use ».

   $ curl https://www.example.com/moredata > output.txt

   Using » ensures that the previous data in the file remains intact and new data gets appended to it.

4. For capturing both the response and error messages, use 2>.

   $ curl https://invalid.url 2> errorlog.txt

   2> directs standard error (often used for error messages) to the designated file.

5. If you wish to save both the output and error messages to the same file, combine the commands.

   $ curl https://invalid.url > output.txt 2>&1

   Here, 2>&1 tells the shell to redirect the standard error (2) to the same location as the standard output (1).

6. Review the content of the saved file.

   $ cat output.txt

7. In case you're working with binary files like images, use the -o option.

   $ curl -O https://www.example.com/image.jpg

   The -O flag tells cURL to save the output in a file with the same name as the remote file. Use -o with a filename to specify a different name.

8. Secure your output file if it contains sensitive data.

   $ chmod 600 output.txt

   It's a best practice to set appropriate permissions on files that hold confidential or sensitive information.

By saving the cURL response to a file, you ensure that the data can be reviewed, processed, or shared without the limitations of viewing it directly in the terminal. Whether you're documenting API responses, archiving content, or analyzing data, this approach offers flexibility and efficiency.