import pandas as pd sales = pd.DataFrame({ "Customer ID": [101, 102, 103], "Order Total": [45.50, 72.00, 38.25], "Order Date": ["2026-06-01", "2026-06-02", "2026-06-03"], }) rename_map = { "Customer ID": "customer_id", "Order Total": "order_total", "Order Date": "order_date", } renamed = sales.rename(columns=rename_map, errors="raise") print(renamed) print() print("columns:", renamed.columns.tolist()) print("original:", sales.columns.tolist()) print("total:", renamed["order_total"].sum())